McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
faculty member Philip LeDuc, PhD (pictured), an associate professor of mechanical engineering with courtesy appointments in the Biomedical Engineering, Biological Sciences, and Computational Biology departments at Carnegie Mellon University, and his collaborators in Massachusetts and Taiwan have discovered a new function of a protein that could ultimately unlock the mystery of how these workhorses of the body play a central role in the mechanics of biological processes in people.
"What we have done is find a new function of a protein that helps control cell behavior from a mechanics perspective," said Dr. LeDuc.
"For over 15 years, researchers have been mainly focusing on a protein called Integrin to study these cell functions, but our team found that another lesser known protein called Syndecan-4 is extremely important in cell behavior in a field called MechanoBiology (a field linking mechanics and biology). Syndecan-4 is known to play an essential role in a variety of diseases like cancer," Dr. LeDuc said.
Essentially what his research does is take a look at how a protein's shape and form determines how it functions in the human body from a mechanics perspective. Proteins are composed of long chains of amino acids than can form bonds with other molecules in a chain, kinking, twisting, and folding into complicated, three-dimensional shapes, such as helices or densely furrowed globular structures.
"These folded shapes are immensely important because they can define a protein's function in the cell," said Dr. LeDuc, who is also developing novel biologically inspired diagnostic approaches and materials as well as computational methods to understand molecular behavior.
Dr. LeDuc said his research finds that some protein shapes fit perfectly into cell receptors, turning chemical processes on and off, like a key in a lock. With mechanics changing the shape of proteins, he says the key might no longer fit into the lock, and serious consequences in the body can occur when proteins fail to assume their preordained shapes or fail to connect properly.
"Misguided proteins have been linked to disease such as cancer, arthritis, and wound healing, among others," Dr. LeDuc said. "Our research is looking at how protein shapes affect cells and how cell biomechanics impacts the entire process."
Illustration: McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine.
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Carnegie Mellon University Press Release (01/12/10)
Science Blog (01/12/10)
PhysOrg (01/12/10)
Ascribe (01/12/10)
Pittsburgh Tribune-Review (01/07/10)
Bio: Dr. Philip LeDuc
Abstract (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America: December 29, 2009, Vol. 106, No. 52, 22102-22107)